Ndatenda nekushanyira Nature.com.Shanduro yebrowser yauri kushandisa ine tsigiro yeCSS shoma.Kuti uwane ruzivo rwakanyanya, tinokurudzira kuti ushandise browser yakagadziridzwa (kana kudzima Compatibility Mode muInternet Explorer).Zvichakadaro, kuti tive nechokwadi chekuenderera mberi nerutsigiro, isu tinopa saiti pasina masitaera uye JavaScript.
Kufarira kuongororwa kwevolatile organic compounds (VOCs) mumhepo yakafemerwa yakakura mukati memakumi maviri emakore apfuura.Kusavimbika kuchiripo maererano nekumisikidzwa kwesampling uye kana mukati memhepo inovhuvhuta organic komisheni inokanganisa iyo exhaled air volatile organic compounds curve.Ongorora mukati memhepo inovhuvhuta organic komisheni panzvimbo dzenguva dzose dzekufema sampling munzvimbo dzechipatara uye uone kana izvi zvichikanganisa kuumbwa kwemweya.Chinangwa chechipiri chaive chekudzidza kushanduka kwemazuva ese mune zviri mukati memhepo inoputika mumhepo yemukati.Mhepo yemukati yakaunganidzwa munzvimbo shanu mangwanani nemasikati uchishandisa sampling pombi uye thermal desorption (TD) chubhu.Unganidza sampuli dzekufema chete mangwanani.TD machubhu akaongororwa negasi chromatography pamwe chete nenguva-ye-ndege mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS).Zvose zve113 VOCs zvakaonekwa mumasampuli akaunganidzwa.Multivariate analysis yakaratidza kuparadzaniswa kwakajeka pakati pekufema nemhepo yekamuri.Kuumbwa kwemhepo yemukati inoshanduka zuva rese, uye nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzine maVOC chaiwo asingakanganisi chimiro chekufema.Kufema hakuna kuratidza kupatsanurwa kwakavakirwa panzvimbo, zvichiratidza kuti sampling inogona kuitwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana pasina kukanganisa mhedzisiro.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) icarbon-based compounds ine gasi pamhepo tembiricha uye ndiwo magumo ezvigadzirwa zveakawanda endogenous uye exogenous maitiro1.Kwemakumi emakore, vatsvakurudzi vanga vachifarira maVOCs nekuda kwekuita kwavo basa sevasina-invasive biomarkers yechirwere chevanhu.Nekudaro, kusava nechokwadi kunoramba kuri maererano nekumisikidzwa kwekuunganidza uye kuongororwa kwemasampuli ekufema.
Nzvimbo yakakosha yekumisikidza yekuongorora kufema ndiko kukanganisa kunogona kuitika kwemashure maVOC mumhepo yemukati ambient.Zvidzidzo zvakapfuura zvakaratidza kuti mazinga emashure eVOC mumhepo yemukati ambient anokanganisa mazinga eVOC anowanikwa mumhepo yakafemerwa3.Boshier et al.Muna 2010, yakasarudzwa ion flow mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) yakashandiswa kudzidza mazinga ezvinomwe zvinoputika organic compounds mumakiriniki matatu.Matanho akasiyana ekusagadzikana kwemakemikari emuchadenga akaonekwa mumatunhu matatu, ayo akazopa gwara pamusoro pekugona kwekupararira kwakapararira organic komisheni mumhepo yemukati kuti ishandiswe sechirwere biomarkers.Muna 2013, Trefz et al.Mhepo yakadzikama muimba yekushanda uye maitiro ekufema kwevashandi vechipatara zvakaongororwawo mukati mezuva rekushanda.Vakaona kuti mazinga eexogenous compounds akadai sevoflurane mumhepo yose yekamuri uye mhepo yakabudiswa yakawedzera ne5 pakupera kwezuva rekushanda, zvichimutsa mibvunzo pamusoro penguva uye kupi varwere vanofanira kutorwa sampuli yekuongorora kufema kuderedza kuderedza dambudziko rekuvhiringidzika kwakadaro. zvinhu.Izvi zvinoenderana nechidzidzo chakaitwa naCastellanos et al.Muna 2016, vakawana sevoflurane mukufema kwevashandi vechipatara, asi kwete mumhepo yevashandi kunze kwechipatara.Muna 2018 Markar et al.vakatsvaga kuratidza mhedzisiro yekuchinja kwemukati mhepo kuumbwa pakuongorora kufema sechikamu chekudzidza kwavo kuongorora kugona kwemweya wakafemerwa mune esophageal cancer7.Vachishandisa simbi counterlung uye SIFT-MS panguva yesampling, vakaratidza sere organic compounds mumhepo yemukati izvo zvakasiyana zvakanyanya nesampling nzvimbo.Nekudaro, aya maVOC haana kuverengerwa mune yavo yekupedzisira yekufema VOC yekuongorora modhi, saka maitiro avo akarambwa.Muna 2021, chidzidzo chakaitwa naSalman et al.kutarisa mazinga eVOC muzvipatara zvitatu kwemwedzi makumi maviri nemanomwe.Vakaona maVOC gumi nemanomwe sevasaruro vemwaka uye vakakurudzira kuti mavhoti eVOC pamusoro peyakakosha nhanho ye3 µg/m3 anoonekwa seasingaite yechipiri kune kumashure kusvibiswa kweVOC8.
Pamusoro pekuisa zvikumbaridzo mazinga kana kusasanganisa exogenous makomisheni, dzimwe nzira dzekubvisa iyi shanduko yemashure dzinosanganisira kuunganidza akapetwa makamuri emhepo masampuli panguva imwe chete nemhepo yakafemerwa sampling kuitira kuti chero nhanho dzeVOC dziripo pakakwirira kudzimisa mukamuri inofemerwa inogona kutsanangurwa.yakabudiswa kubva mumhepo yakabudiswa.Air 9 inobviswa kubva padanho kuti ipe "alveolar gradient".Nokudaro, gradient yakanaka inoratidza kuvapo kweEndogenous Compound 10. Imwe nzira ndeyokuti vatori vechikamu vafukidze mweya "wakanatswa" unonzi hauna VOC11 zvinosvibisa.Nekudaro, izvi zvinonetsa, zvinotora nguva, uye midziyo pachayo inogadzira yakawedzera VOC kusvibisa.Chidzidzo chakaitwa naMaurer et al.Muna 2014, vatori vechikamu vanofema mhepo yekugadzira vakaderedza makumi matatu nepfumbamwe VOCs asi vakawedzera makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe VOCs zvichienzaniswa nekufema mukati memukati ambient air12.Iko kushandiswa kwemhepo yekugadzira / yakanatswa zvakare inodzikamisa zvakanyanya kutakurika kwekufema sampling michina.
Ambient VOC mazinga anotarisirwawo kusiyanisa zuva rese, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera kukanganisa kumira uye kurongeka kwekufema sampling.
Kufambira mberi muhukuru spectrometry, kusanganisira kupisa kwekupisa kwakasanganiswa negasi chromatography uye nguva-ye-ndege mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS), yakapawo imwe yakasimba uye yakavimbika nzira yekuongororwa kweVOC, inokwanisa kuona panguva imwe chete mazana eVOCs, nekudaro. pakuongorora zvakadzama.mweya mumba.Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuratidza zvakadzama kuumbwa kwemhepo yakadzika mukamuri uye kuti masampula makuru anochinja sei nenzvimbo uye nenguva.
Chinangwa chikuru chechidzidzo ichi chaive chekuona mazinga akasiyana-siyana emhepo inovhuvhuta yemukati memhepo munzvimbo dzakajairika dzesampling munzvimbo dzechipatara uye kuti izvi zvinokanganisa sei sampling yemhepo.Chinangwa chechipiri chaive chekuona kana paine misiyano yakakosha yemazuva ese kana geographic mukugoverwa kwemaVOC mumhepo yemukati memhepo.
Sampuli dzekufema, pamwe chete nemasampuli emhepo anowirirana emukati, akaunganidzwa mangwanani kubva kunzvimbo shanu dzakasiyana uye akaongororwa neGC-TOF-MS.Huwandu hwe113 VOCs dzakaonekwa uye dzakatorwa kubva kuchromatogram.Zviyero zvakadzokororwa zvakabatanidzwa nechirevo pamberi pechikamu chikuru chekuongorora (PCA) yenzvimbo dzakabviswa uye dzakagadziriswa nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzakaitwa kuti dzione uye dzibvise kunze. Kuongororwa kwakatariswa kuburikidza nechikamu chidiki-chisaruro chekuongorora (PLS-DA) chakabva chakwanisa kuratidza kupatsanurwa kwakajeka pakati pemhepo yekufema uye yekamuri masampuli emhepo (R2Y = 0.97, Q2Y = 0.96, p <0.001) (Fig. 1). Kuongororwa kwakatariswa kuburikidza nechikamu chidiki-chisaruro chekuongorora (PLS-DA) chakabva chakwanisa kuratidza kupatsanurwa kwakajeka pakati pemhepo yekufema uye yekamuri masampuli emhepo (R2Y = 0.97, Q2Y = 0.96, p <0.001) (Fig. 1). Затем контролируемый анализ с помощью частичного дискриминантного анализа методом наименьших квадратов (PLS-DA) смог показать четкое другие программы. мнатного воздуха (R2Y = 0,97, Q2Y = 0,96, p <0,001) (рис. 1). Ipapo yakadzorwa ongororo ine chikamu chidiki masikweya kusarura ongororo (PLS-DA) yakakwanisa kuratidza kupatsanurwa kwakajeka pakati pekufema nekamuri masampu emhepo (R2Y = 0.97, Q2Y = 0.96, p <0.001) (Mufananidzo 1).通过偏最小二乘法进行监督分析———判别分析(PLS-DA) (R2Y = 0.97,Q2Y = 0.96,p <0.001) (图1).通过 偏 最 小 二乘法 进行 监督 分析 分析 判别 分析 分析 (PLS-DA) 惶徤 监督 分析内 空气 样本 的 明显 ((((((((((()) q2y = 0.96 , p <0.001(1) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Контролируемый анализ с помощью частичного дискриминантного анализа методом наименьших квадратов (PLS-DA) здуха в помещении (R2Y = 0,97, Q2Y = 0,96, p <0,001) (рис. 1). Kuongororwa kwakadzorwa nechikamu chidiki diki kusarura kusarura (PLS-DA) kwakazokwanisa kuratidza kupatsanurwa kwakajeka pakati pekufema uye mukati memhepo masampuli (R2Y = 0.97, Q2Y = 0.96, p <0.001) (Mufananidzo 1). Kuparadzaniswa kweboka kwakatungamirirwa ne62 yakasiyana-siyana yeVOCs, ine mutsara unokosha (VIP) chikamu> 1. Rondedzero yakakwana yeVOCs inoratidzira rudzi rwemuenzaniso wega wega uye zvibodzwa zvavo zveVIP zvinogona kuwanikwa muSupplementary Table 1. Kuparadzaniswa kweboka kwakatungamirirwa ne62 yakasiyana-siyana yeVOCs, ine mutsara unokosha (VIP) chikamu> 1. Rondedzero yakakwana yeVOCs inoratidzira rudzi rwemuenzaniso wega wega uye zvibodzwa zvavo zveVIP zvinogona kuwanikwa muSupplementary Table 1. Разделение на группы было обусловлено 62 различными VOC с оценкой проекции переменной важности (VIP) > 1. разца, и их соответствующие оценки VIP можно найти в дополнительной таблице 1. Kuronga kwaifambiswa ne62 akasiyana maVOC ane Variable Importance Projection (VIP) zvibodzwa > 1. Rondedzero yakazara yeVOCs inotaridza mhando yega yega yemuenzaniso uye zvibodzwa zvawo zveVIP zvinogona kuwanikwa muSupplementary Table 1.组分离由62 种不同的VOC 驱动，变量重要性投影(VIP) 分数> 1.组分离由62 种不同的VOC 驱动，变量重要性投影(VIP) 分数> 1. Разделение групп было обусловлено 62 различными ЛОС с оценкой проекции переменной важности (VIP) > 1. Kupatsanurwa kweboka kwakafambiswa ne62 akasiyana maVOC ane musiyano wakakosha wekufungidzira mamakisi (VIP)> 1.Rondedzero yakazara yeVOCs inoratidzira yega yega yemhando yemhando uye avo akasiyana VIP mamaki anogona kuwanikwa muSupplementary Tafura 1.
Kufema uye mhepo yemukati inoratidza kugoverwa kwakasiyana kweanopisa organic komisheni. Kuongororwa kwakatariswa nePLS-DA kwakaratidza kupatsanurwa kwakajeka pakati pekufema nekamuri mhepo VOCs profiles yakaunganidzwa mangwanani (R2Y = 0.97, Q2Y = 0.96, p <0.001). Kuongororwa kwakatariswa nePLS-DA kwakaratidza kupatsanurwa kwakajeka pakati pekufema nekamuri mhepo VOCs profiles yakaunganidzwa mangwanani (R2Y = 0.97, Q2Y = 0.96, p <0.001). Контролируемый анализ с помощью PLS-DA показал четкое разделение между профилями летучих органических соединений в выдыхаемод выдыхаемод израиля ными утром (R2Y = 0,97, Q2Y = 0,96, p <0,001). PLS-DA yakadzorwa kuongororwa yakaratidza kupatsanurwa kwakajeka pakati peiyo exhaled uye yemukati mhepo inoputika organic compound profiles yakaunganidzwa mangwanani (R2Y = 0.97, Q2Y = 0.96, p <0.001).使用PLS-DA使用 PLS-DA Контролируемый анализ с использованием PLS-DA показал четкое разделение профилей ЛОС дыхания и воздуха в помещении, 2, 20 = 9 =, 20 = 0,001). Kuongororwa kwakadzorwa uchishandisa PLS-DA kwakaratidza kuparadzaniswa kwakajeka kweVOC profiles yekufema uye mhepo yemukati yakaunganidzwa mangwanani (R2Y = 0.97, Q2Y = 0.96, p <0.001).Zviyero zvakadzokororwa zvakaderedzwa kusvika kune zvinoreva mufananidzo usati wavakwa.Ellipses inoratidza 95% nguva dzekuvimba uye centroids yeboka reasterisk.
Misiyano mukugovewa kweanoputika organic komisheni mumhepo yemukati mangwanani nemasikati yakaongororwa pachishandiswa PLS-DA. Muenzaniso wakaratidza kupatsanurwa kwakakosha pakati penguva mbiri (R2Y = 0.46, Q2Y = 0.22, p <0.001) (Fig. 2). Muenzaniso wakaratidza kupatsanurwa kwakakosha pakati penguva mbiri (R2Y = 0.46, Q2Y = 0.22, p <0.001) (Fig. 2). Модель выявила значительное разделение между двумя временными точками (R2Y = 0,46, Q2Y = 0,22, p <0,001) (рис. 2). Muenzaniso wakaratidza kupatsanurwa kwakakosha pakati penguva mbiri dzenguva (R2Y = 0.46, Q2Y = 0.22, p <0.001) (Mufananidzo 2).该模型确定了两个时间点之间的显着分离（R2Y = 0.46，Q2Y = 0.22,p <0.001）（图2）.该模型确定了两个时间点之间的显着分离（R2Y = 0.46，Q2Y = 0.22,p <0.001）（图2）. Модель выявила значительное разделение между двумя временными точками (R2Y = 0,46, Q2Y = 0,22, p <0,001) (рис. 2). Muenzaniso wakaratidza kupatsanurwa kwakakosha pakati penguva mbiri dzenguva (R2Y = 0.46, Q2Y = 0.22, p <0.001) (Mufananidzo 2). Izvi zvaifambiswa ne47 VOCs ine VIP mamakisi> 1. VOCs ine yakakwira VIP mamakisi inoratidzira masamples emangwanani aisanganisira akawanda branched alkanes, oxalic acid uye hexacosane, nepo masikati masampula airatidza mamwe 1-propanol, phenol, propanoic acid, 2-methyl- , 2-ethyl-3-hydroxyhexyl ester, isoprene uye nonanal. Izvi zvaifambiswa ne47 VOCs ine VIP mamakisi> 1. VOCs ine yakakwira VIP mamakisi inoratidzira masamples emangwanani aisanganisira akawanda branched alkanes, oxalic acid uye hexacosane, nepo masikati masampula airatidza mamwe 1-propanol, phenol, propanoic acid, 2-methyl- , 2-ethyl-3-hydroxyhexyl ester, isoprene uye nonanal. Это было обусловлено наличием 47 летучих органических соединений с оценкой VIP > 1. ЛОС самой высокой оценкой VIP, зубнтекрай VIP, зубнтекракрай лючали несколько разветвленных алканов, щавелевую кислоту и гексакозан, в то время как дневные образцы соденоржали песни кислоты, 2-метил- , 2-этил-3-гидроксигексиловый эфир, изопрен и нонаналь. Izvi zvakakonzerwa nekuvapo kwe47 volatile organic compounds ine VIP score > 1. MaVOC ane yepamusoro VIP mamakisi emasamples emangwanani aisanganisira akati wandei branched alkanes, oxalic acid, uye hexacosane, nepo masikati masampula aive akawanda 1-propanol, phenol, propanoic acids, 2-methyl-, 2-ethyl-3-hydroxyhexyl ether, isoprene uye nonanal.這是由47 种VIP 评分> 1 的VOC 驱动的.這是由47 种VIP 评分> 1 的VOC 驱动的. Этому способствуют 47 VOC с оценкой VIP > 1. Izvi zvinofambiswa ne47 VOCs ine VIP mamakisi> 1.Iyo yepamusoro-soro yeVIP-yakatemerwa VOCs mangwanani sampuli yaisanganisira akasiyana-siyana branched alkanes, oxalic acid, uye hexadecane, nepo masikati sampuro yaive yakawanda 1-propanol, phenol, propionic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-ethyl-3-hydroxyhexyl.ester, isoprene uye nonanal.Rondedzero yakazara yeavhurika organic komisheni (VOCs) inoratidzira shanduko yemazuva ese mukuumbwa kwemhepo yemukati inogona kuwanikwa muSupplementary Tafura 2.
Kugoverwa kweVOC mumhepo yemukati kunosiyana zuva rese. Kuongororwa kwakatariswa nePLS-DA kwakaratidza kupatsanurwa pakati pemakamuri emhepo masampuli akaunganidzwa mangwanani kana masikati (R2Y = 0.46, Q2Y = 0.22, p <0.001). Kuongororwa kwakatariswa nePLS-DA kwakaratidza kupatsanurwa pakati pemakamuri emhepo masampuli akaunganidzwa mangwanani kana masikati (R2Y = 0.46, Q2Y = 0.22, p <0.001). Контролируемый анализ с помощью PLS-DA показал разделение между пробами воздуха в помещении, собранными утром и днем (R2Y = 0,0 10, Q2, Q2, Q2 Kuongororwa kwakadzorwa nePLS-DA kwakaratidza kupatsanurwa pakati pemasampuli emhepo emukati akaunganidzwa mangwanani nemasikati (R2Y = 0.46, Q2Y = 0.22, p <0.001).使用PLS-DA使用 PLS-DA Анализ эпиднадзора с использованием PLS-DA показал разделение проб воздуха внутри помещений, собранных утром или днем (R2Y = 20 = 0,46, <2Y = 20 = 1,46, Kuongororwa kwekuongorora uchishandisa PLS-DA kwakaratidza kupatsanurwa kwemasampuli emhepo emukati akaunganidzwa mangwanani kana masikati (R2Y = 0.46, Q2Y = 0.22, p <0.001).Ellipses inoratidza 95% nguva dzekuvimba uye centroids yeboka reasterisk.
Samples dzakaunganidzwa kubva kunzvimbo shanu dzakasiyana paSt Mary's Hospital muLondon: kamuri yeendoscopy, imba yekutsvagisa yekiriniki, imba yekuvhiya, kiriniki yevarwere vekunze uye misa spectrometry laboratori.Boka redu rekutsvagisa rinogara richishandisa nzvimbo idzi kutsvaga varwere uye kuunganidza mweya.Sekare, mhepo yemukati yakaunganidzwa mangwanani nemasikati, uye exhaled air samples dzakaunganidzwa chete mangwanani. PCA yakaratidza kupatsanurwa kwemakamuri emhepo samples nenzvimbo kuburikidza nepermutational multivariate kuongororwa kwekusiyana (PERMANOVA, R2 = 0.16, p <0.001) (Fig. 3a). PCA yakaratidza kupatsanurwa kwemakamuri emhepo samples nenzvimbo kuburikidza nepermutational multivariate kuongororwa kwekusiyana (PERMANOVA, R2 = 0.16, p <0.001) (Fig. 3a). PCA выявил разделение проб комнатного воздуха по местоположению с помощью перестановочного многомерного дисперсионного анализа (PERMANOVA, R10, p.30 = 0). PCA yakaratidza kupatsanurwa kwemasampu emhepo yekamuri nenzvimbo uchishandisa permutational multivariate kuongororwa kwekusiyana (PERMANOVA, R2 = 0.16, p <0.001) (Fig. 3a). PCA.PCA PCA подчеркнул локальную сегрегацию проб комнатного воздуха с помощью перестановочного многомерного дисперсионного анализа (PERMANOVA, R10, 30 = 0). PCA yakaratidza kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo yemakamuri emhepo samples uchishandisa permutational multivariate kuongororwa kwekusiyana (PERMANOVA, R2 = 0.16, p <0.001) (Fig. 3a).Naizvozvo, akapetwa PLS-DA modhi akagadzirwa umo imwe neimwe nzvimbo inofananidzwa nedzimwe nzvimbo dzese kuona masiginicha. Ese mamodheru aive akakosha uye maVOC ane VIP mamaki> 1 akatorwa aine akateedzana kurodha kuti aone mupiro weboka. Ese mamodheru aive akakosha uye maVOC ane VIP mamaki> 1 akatorwa aine akateedzana kurodha kuti aone mupiro weboka. Все модели были значимыми, и ЛОС с оценкой VIP > 1 были извлечены соответствующей нагрузкой для определения группового вклада. Mamodheru ese aive akakosha, uye maVOC ane VIP mamaki> 1 akatorwa nekurodha kwakakodzera kuti aone mupiro weboka.所有模型均显着，VIP 评分> 1 的VOC 被提取并分别加载以识别组贡献.所有模型均显着，VIP 评分> 1 的VOC Все модели были значимыми, и VOC с баллами VIP> 1 были извлечены и загружены отдельно для определения групповых вкладов. Mamodheru ese aive akakosha uye maVOC ane VIP mamakisi> 1 akatorwa uye akaiswa zvakasiyana kuti aone mipiro yeboka.Zvatinowana zvinoratidza kuti ambient air composition inosiyana nenzvimbo, uye takaona nzvimbo-chaicho maficha tichishandisa muenzaniso kubvumirana.The endoscopy unit inoratidzirwa nepamusoro-soro yeundecane, dodecane, benzonitrile uye benzaldehyde.Samples kubva kuClinical Research department (inozivikanwawo seDhipatimendi Rokutsvagisa Chiropa) yakaratidza mamwe alpha-pinene, diisopropyl phthalate, uye 3-carene.Mhepo yakavhenganiswa yekamuri yekushanda inoratidzirwa nehuwandu hwepamusoro hwebranched decane, branched dodecane, branched tridecane, propionic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-ethyl-3-hydroxyhexyl ether, toluene uye 2 - kuvapo kwecrotonaldehyde.Kiriniki yevarwere vari kunze (Paterson Building) ine zvinyorwa zvepamusoro zve1-nonanol, vinyl lauryl ether, benzyl alcohol, ethanol, 2-phenoxy, naphthalene, 2-methoxy, isobutyl salicylate, tridecane, uye branched chain tridecane.Pakupedzisira, mweya wemukati wakaunganidzwa murabhoritari yemass spectrometry yakaratidza mamwe acetamide, 2'2'2-trifluoro-N-methyl-, pyridine, furan, 2-pentyl-, branched undecane, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, o-xylene, furfural. uye ethylanisate.Akasiyana siyana e3-carene aivepo munzvimbo dzese shanu, zvichiratidza kuti VOC iyi itsvina yakajairika ine yakanyanya kucherechedzwa nhanho munzvimbo yekiriniki yekudzidza.Rondedzero yeVOCs yakabvumirana kugovera chinzvimbo chimwe nechimwe inogona kuwanikwa muSupplementary Table 3. Mukuwedzera, kuongororwa kusingaenzaniswi kwakaitwa kune imwe neimwe yeVOC yekufarira, uye nzvimbo dzose dzakafananidzwa kune imwe neimwe vachishandisa pairwise Wilcoxon test inoteverwa neBenjamin-Hochberg kururamisa. .Iyo block blocks yeVOC yega yega inoratidzwa muSupplementary Figure 1. Respiratory volatile organic compound curves yakaratidzika seyakazvimiririra-nzvimbo, sezvakaonekwa muPCA inoteverwa nePERMANOVA (p = 0.39) (Mufananidzo 3b). Pamusoro pezvo, paviri PLS-DA modhi dzakagadzirwa pakati penzvimbo dzese dzakasiyana dzefema samples zvakare, asi hapana misiyano yakakosha yakaonekwa (p> 0.05). Pamusoro pezvo, paviri PLS-DA modhi dzakagadzirwa pakati penzvimbo dzese dzakasiyana dzefema samples zvakare, asi hapana misiyano yakakosha yakaonekwa (p> 0.05). Проме то, парные модели pls-da такели разди мезду вездия мыхания, но разнноых разлено ло (P> 0,05). Pamusoro pezvo, akapetwa PLS-DA modhi akagadzirwawo pakati penzvimbo dzese dzakasiyana dzekufema, asi hapana misiyano yakakosha yakawanikwa (p> 0.05).此外，在呼吸樣本的所有不同位置之间也生成了成对PLS-DA 模型，但未发现显着差异(p > 0.05). PLS-DA 模型，但未发现显着差异(p> 0.05). Кроме того, парные модели PLS-DA также были сгенерированы между всеми различными местоположениями образцов дыхания, но суестожание > 0,05). Pamusoro pezvo, akapetwa PLS-DA modhi akagadzirwawo pakati penzvimbo dzese dzakasiyana dzekufema, asi hapana misiyano yakakosha yakawanikwa (p> 0.05).
Shanduko mumhepo yemukati memukati asi isiri mumhepo yakafemerwa, kugovera kweVOC kunosiyana zvichienderana nesampling saiti, ongororo isina kutariswa uchishandisa PCA inoratidza kupatsanurwa pakati pemhepo yemukati masampuli akaunganidzwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana asi isingaenderane nemhepo yakafemerwa masampuli.Nyeredzi dzinoratidza masendiro eboka.
Muchidzidzo ichi, takaongorora kugoverwa kwemukati memhepo VOCs munzvimbo shanu dzakajairika dzekufema sampling kuti tinzwisise zviri nani mhedzisiro yemazinga eVOC ekumashure pakuongorora mweya.
Kuparadzaniswa kwemasampuli emhepo yemukati kwakaonekwa munzvimbo dzese shanu dzakasiyana.Kunze kwe3-carene, iyo yakanga iripo munzvimbo dzose dzakadzidzwa, kupatsanurwa kwakakonzerwa neVOCs yakasiyana, ichipa nzvimbo imwe neimwe unhu hwakasiyana.Mumunda we endoscopy evaluation, kupatsanurwa-inducing volatile organic compounds inonyanya monoterpenes yakadai sebeta-pinene uye alkanes yakadai sedodecane, undecane uye tridecane, iyo inowanzowanikwa mumafuta anokosha anowanzoshandiswa mukuchenesa zvigadzirwa 13. Tichifunga nezve frequency yekuchenesa endoscopic. zvishandiso, aya maVOC anogona kunge ari mhedzisiro yekugara kwekuchenesa mukati memukati maitiro.Mumakiriniki ekutsvagisa marabhoritari, senge endoscopy, kupatsanurwa kunonyanya kukonzerwa nemonoterpenes senge alpha-pinene, asi zvakare pamwe kubva kune vanochenesa vamiririri.Mukamuri yekushanda yakaoma, siginecha yeVOC inonyanya kuve nebranched alkanes.Mishonga iyi inogona kuwanikwa kubva kumidziyo yekuvhiya sezvo yakapfuma mumafuta uye mafuta ekuzora14.Munzvimbo yekuvhiya, maVOC akajairika anosanganisira uwandu hwezvinwiwa zvinodhaka: 1-nonanol, inowanikwa mumafuta emiriwo uye zvigadzirwa zvekuchenesa, uye benzyl doro, rinowanikwa muzvinonhuwira uye anesthetics emunharaunda.15,16,17,18 VOCs mune mass spectrometry laboratori zvakasiyana zvikuru nezvinotarisirwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo sezvo iyi ndiyo yega nzvimbo isiri yekiriniki yakaongororwa.Nepo mamwe mamonoterpenes aripo, boka rinowedzera homogeneous remakomponi rinogovera nzvimbo iyi nemamwe makomisheni (2,2,2-trifluoro-N-methyl-acetamide, pyridine, branched undecane, 2-pentylfran, ethylbenzene, furfural, ethylanisate).), orthoxylene, meta-xylene, isopropanol uye 3-carene), kusanganisira anonhuwirira hydrocarbons uye doro.Mamwe eaya maVOC anogona kunge ari echipiri kune makemikari anoshandiswa murabhoritari, ayo ane manomwe mass spectrometry masisitimu anoshanda muTD uye mvura jekiseni modes.
Ne PLS-DA, kuparadzaniswa kwakasimba kwemhepo yemukati uye masampuli ekufema kwakaonekwa, kwakakonzerwa ne62 ye113 yakaonekwa VOCs.Mumhepo yemukati, maVOC aya ari exogenous uye anosanganisira diisopropyl phthalate, benzophenone, acetophenone uye benzyl doro, izvo zvinowanzoshandiswa mumapurasitiki uye zvinonhuhwirira19,20,21,22 iyo yekupedzisira inogona kuwanikwa mukuchenesa zvigadzirwa16.Makemikari anowanikwa mumhepo yakafemerwa musanganiswa we endogenous uye exogenous VOCs.Endogenous VOCs anonyanya kuve ane branched alkanes, ayo ari byproducts ye lipid peroxidation23, uye isoprene, byproduct yecholesterol synthesis24.Exogenous VOCs inosanganisira monoterpenes yakadai se beta-pinene uye D-limonene, iyo inogona kurondwa kumashure kumafuta ecitrus anokosha (anoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mukuchenesa zvigadzirwa) uye zvinodzivirira zvekudya13,25.1-Propanol inogona kunge iri endogenous, zvichibva mukuparara kweamino acids, kana exogenous, iripo mune disinfectants26.Kuenzaniswa nekufema mukati memhepo, mazinga akakwira emagetsi emagetsi anowanikwa, mamwe acho akaonekwa seanogona chirwere biomarkers.Ethylbenzene yakaratidzwa kuva inogona biomarker yehuwandu hwezvirwere zvekufema, kusanganisira kenza yemapapu, COPD27 uye pulmonary fibrosis28.Kuenzaniswa nevarwere vasina kenza yemapapu, mazinga eN-dodecane uye xylene akawanikwawo munzvimbo dzakakwirira muvarwere vane cancer yemapapu29 uye metacymol muvarwere vane active ulcerative colitis30.Nekudaro, kunyangwe kana misiyano yemukati yemhepo isingakanganise chimiro chekufema, inogona kukanganisa mazinga eVOC chaiwo, saka kutarisa mukati memhepo yekumashure kungangove kwakakosha.
Pakanga panewo kupatsanurwa pakati pemasampuli emhepo emukati akaunganidzwa mangwanani nemasikati.Mamiriro makuru emasamples emangwanani ndeye branched alkanes, ayo anowanzo kuwanikwa exogenous mukuchenesa zvigadzirwa uye wax31.Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa nenyaya yekuti ese makamuri mana ekiriniki akabatanidzwa muchidzidzo ichi akacheneswa kusati kwaitwa mhepo yemukamuri sampling.Nzvimbo dzese dzekiriniki dzakapatsanurwa nemaVOC akasiyana, saka kupatsanurwa uku hakugone kuverengerwa kuchenesa.Zvichienzaniswa nemasamples emangwanani, masampuri emasikati aiwanzoratidza mwero wepamusoro wemusanganiswa wedoro, mahydrocarbon, esters, ketones, uye aldehydes.Zvose 1-propanol uye phenol zvinogona kuwanikwa mumishonga inouraya utachiona26,32 iyo inotarisirwa kupiwa kucheneswa nguva dzose kwenharaunda yose yekiriniki zuva rose.Kufema kunounganidzwa chete mangwanani.Izvi zvinokonzerwa nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa mwero wemhepo inoputika mumhepo yakafemerwa mukati mezuva, isingagone kudzorwa.Izvi zvinosanganisira kunwiwa kwezvinwiwa uye chikafu33,34 uye akasiyana madhigirii ekurovedza muviri35,36 pamberi pekufema sampling.
Ongororo yeVOC inoramba iri pamberi peiyo isiri-invasive diagnostic development.Kumisikidzwa kwesampling kunoramba kuri dambudziko, asi ongororo yedu yakaratidza kuti pakanga pasina misiyano yakakosha pakati pemasampuri ekufema akaunganidzwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana.Muchidzidzo ichi, takaratidza kuti zviri mukati memhepo inoputika mumhepo yemukati zvinoenderana nenzvimbo uye nguva yezuva.Nekudaro, mhedzisiro yedu inoratidzawo kuti izvi hazvikonzerese zvakanyanya kugoverwa kwemhepo inoputika mumhepo, zvichiratidza kuti sampling yekufema inogona kuitwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana pasina kukanganisa zvakanyanya mhedzisiro.Kufarirwa kunopihwa kusanganisa masaiti akawanda uye kudzokorora kuunganidzwa kwemuenzaniso kwenguva yakareba.Pakupedzisira, kupatsanurwa kwemhepo yemukati kubva munzvimbo dzakasiyana uye kushaikwa kwekuparadzaniswa mumhepo yakafemerwa kunoratidza zvakajeka kuti sampling saiti haina kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuumbwa kwekufema kwevanhu.Izvi zvinokurudzira tsvakiridzo yekuongorora mweya sezvo ichibvisa chingango vhiringa mukumisikidzwa kwekuunganidzwa kwe data rekufema.Kunyangwe maitiro ese ekufema kubva pachidzidzo chimwe chete aive magumo ekudzidza kwedu, zvinogona kuderedza misiyano mune zvimwe zvinokatyamadza zvinhu zvinokonzereswa nehunhu hwevanhu.Mapurojekiti ekutsvagisa chirango chimwe akamboshandiswa zvinobudirira muzvidzidzo zvakawanda37.Zvisinei, kumwe kuongorora kunodiwa kuti uwane mhedziso dzakasimba.Routine yemukati memhepo sampling ichiri kukurudzirwa, pamwe nekufema sampling kuti usave kunze kwekomisheni yekunze uye kuona zvakati zvinosvibisa.Isu tinokurudzira kubvisa isopropyl doro nekuda kwekuwanda kwayo mukuchenesa zvigadzirwa, kunyanya muhutano hwehutano.Ichi chidzidzo chakaganhurirwa nenhamba yemasampuri ekufema akaunganidzwa panzvimbo yega yega, uye rimwe basa rinodiwa nenhamba yakakura yemasampuli ekufema kuratidza kuti kuumbwa kwekufema kwevanhu hakukanganisi zvakanyanya mamiriro ayo masampuli anowanikwa.Uye zvakare, hunyoro hunyoro (RH) data haina kuunganidzwa, uye isu tichibvuma kuti misiyano muRH inogona kukanganisa kugoverwa kweVOC, matambudziko ekugadzirisa mune zvese RH kutonga uye RH kuunganidzwa kwedata kwakakosha muzvidzidzo zvakakura.
Mukupedzisa, kudzidza kwedu kunoratidza kuti maVOC ari mumhepo yemukati memukati anosiyana nenzvimbo nenguva, asi izvi hazviratidzike kunge ndizvo zvakaita masampuli ekufema.Nekuda kwesaizi diki yemuenzaniso, hazvigoneke kutora mhedziso yechokwadi nezve mhedzisiro yemukati memhepo ambient pamhepo sampling uye kumwe kuongorora kunodiwa, saka zvinokurudzirwa kutora mukati memhepo sampling panguva yekufema kuti uone chero chingango svibisa, maVOC.
Kuedza kwakaitika kwemazuva gumi akatevedzana ekushanda paSt Mary's Hospital muLondon muna Kukadzi 2020. Zuva rega rega, masampuli maviri ekufema uye masampuli mana emhepo emukati akatorwa kubva kune imwe neimwe yenzvimbo shanu, pahuwandu hwemazana mazana matatu.Nzira dzose dzakaitwa maererano nemitemo yakakodzera uye mitemo.Tembiricha yenzvimbo dzese shanu dzesampling yakadzorwa pa25°C.
Nzvimbo shanu dzakasarudzirwa kuenzanisa mhepo yemukati: Mass Spectrometry Instrumentation Laboratory, Surgical Ambulatory, Operating Room, Evaluation Area, Endoscopic Evaluation Area, uye Clinical Study Room.Dunhu rega rega rakasarudzwa nekuti timu yedu yekutsvagisa inowanzovashandisa kutora vatori vechikamu kuti vaongorore mweya wekufema.
Mhepo yemumba yakatorwa sample kuburikidza neinert coated yeTenax TA/Carbograph thermal desorption (TD) machubhu (Markes International Ltd, Llantrisan, UK) pa250 ml/min kwemaminetsi maviri uchishandisa pombi yesampling yemhepo kubva kuSKC Ltd., Zvakaoma Kushandisa 500 ml ye ambient kamuri mweya kune yega yega TD chubhu.Machubhu acho akabva avharwa nemakepisi endarira kuti atakurwe achidzokera kumass spectrometry laboratory.Masampuli emhepo emukati aitorwa achichinjana panzvimbo yega yega mazuva ese kubva na9:00 kusvika 11:00 uye zvakare kubva na15:00 kusvika 17:00.Samples dzakatorwa muduplicate.
Sampuli dzekufema dzakaunganidzwa kubva kune ega zvidzidzo zvakaiswa mukati memhepo sampling. Iyo sampling process yekufema yakaitwa sekuenderana neprotocol yakabvumidzwa neNHS Health Research Authority-London-Camden & Kings Cross Research Ethics Committee (reference 14/LO/1136). Iyo sampling process yekufema yakaitwa sekuenderana neprotocol yakabvumidzwa neNHS Health Research Authority-London-Camden & Kings Cross Research Ethics Committee (reference 14/LO/1136). Процесс отбора проб дыхания проводился в соответствии с протоколом, одобренным проб дыхания проводился в соответствии с протоколом, одобренным проб дыхания проводился в соответствии с протоколом, одобренным Управлением медицинских исследований NHS — Category den & Kings Cross (ссылка 14/LO/1136). Iyo sampling yekufema yakaitwa maererano neprotocol yakagamuchirwa neNHS Medical Research Authority - London - Camden & Kings Cross Research Ethics Committee (Ref. 14 / LO / 1136).Iyo sampling maitiro ekufema akaitwa zvinoenderana neprotocol dzakabvumidzwa neNHS-London-Camden Medical Research Agency uye King's Cross Research Ethics Committee (ref 14/LO/1136).Muongorori akapa chibvumirano chakanyorwa aine ruzivo.Nezvinangwa zvekujairira, vaongorori vanga vasina kudya kana kunwa kubva pakati pehusiku husiku hwapfuura.Kufema kwakaunganidzwa pachishandiswa tsika-yakagadzirwa 1000 ml Nalophan ™ (PET polyethylene terephthalate) bhegi rinoraswa uye sirinji yepolypropylene yakashandiswa semuromo wakavharwa, sezvakambotsanangurwa naBelluomo et al.Nalofan yakaratidzwa kuva yakanakisa kufema kuchengetedza svikiro nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwayo uye kugona kupa kugadzikana kwemukomboni kweanosvika gumi nemaviri maawa38.Kuramba uri munzvimbo iyi kweinenge maminetsi gumi, muongorori anoburitsa mubhegi remuenzaniso panguva yekufema kwakanyarara.Mushure mekuzadza kusvika kuhuwandu hwehuwandu, bhegi rakavharwa nesirinji plunger.Sezvakaita indoor air sampling, shandisa SKC Ltd. air sampling pombi kwemaminetsi gumi kutora mweya kubva mubhegi kuburikidza neTD chubhu: batanidza dhayamita hombe pasina sefa kune pombi yemhepo kune imwe mugumo weTD chubhu kuburikidza nepurasitiki. machubhu uye SKC.Acupuncture bhegi uye inhale kufema pamwero we250 ml/min kuburikidza neTD imwe neimwe chubhu ye2 min, kurodha huwandu hwe500 ml kufema mune yega TD chubhu.Iwo masampuli akaunganidzwa zvakare mune duplicate kuti kuderedze sampling musiyano.Mhepo inounganidzwa chete mangwanani.
TD machubhu akacheneswa uchishandisa TC-20 TD tube conditioner (Markes International Ltd, Llantrisant, UK) kwemaminetsi makumi mana pa330 ° C ine nitrogen inoyerera ye50 ml / min.Ese masampuli akaongororwa mukati memaawa makumi mana nemasere ekuunganidza uchishandisa GC-TOF-MS.An Agilent Technologies 7890A GC yakapetwa neTD100-xr thermal desorption setup uye BenchTOF Sarudza MS (Markes International Ltd, Llantrisan, UK).Iyo TD chubhu yakatanga kudhindwa kweminiti 1 pakuyerera kwe50 ml / min.Desorption yekutanga yakaitwa pa 250 ° C kwemaminetsi mashanu nekuyerera kwehelium ye50 ml / min kuti desorb maVOCs pamusungo unotonhora (Material Emissions, Markes International, Llanntrisant, UK) mune kupatsanurwa mode (1:10) pa25 °C.Cold trap (secondary) desorption yakaitwa pa250 ° C (ine ballistic heat 60 ° C / s) ye3 min paHe flow rate ye 5.7 ml / min, uye kutonhora kwekuyerera kweGC kwakaramba kuchipisa.kusvika ku200 ° С.Koramu yacho yaive Mega WAX-HT column (20 m×0.18 mm×0.18 μm, Chromalytic, Hampshire, USA).Muyero wekuyerera kwe column wakaiswa ku 0.7 ml/min.Kupisa kwevheni kwakatanga kuiswa pa 35° C. kwemaminetsi 1.9, ndokuzokwidzwa kusvika 240° C. (20° C./min, kubata maminitsi maviri).Iyo MS yekufambisa tambo yakachengetedzwa pa260 ° C uye iyo ion sosi (70 eV electron impact) yakachengetedzwa pa260 ° C.Iyo MS analyzer yakaiswa kurekodha kubva pa30 kusvika 597 m/s.Desorption mune inotonhora musungo (hapana TD chubhu) uye desorption mune yakagadziriswa yakachena TD chubhu yakaitwa pakutanga uye pakupera kwega kwega assay kumhanya kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti pakanga pasina mhedzisiro yekutakura.Kuongorora kwakafanana kwakamboitwa nguva pfupi yapfuura uye nekukurumidza mushure mekudhonzwa kwemasampuli ekufema kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti sampuli dzinogona kuongororwa nguva nenguva pasina kugadzirisa TD.
Mushure mekutarisa kwekuona kwechromatograms, mafaira e data akaongororwa achishandisa Chromspace® (Sepsolve Analytical Ltd.).Misanganiswa yekufarira yakaonekwa kubva mumiriri wekufema uye kamuri mhepo samples.Annotation yakavakirwa paVOC mass spectrum uye retention index uchishandisa iyo NIST 2017 mass spectrum library. Ma indices ekuchengeta akaverengerwa nekuongorora musanganiswa wealkane (nC8-nC40, 500 μg/mL mu dichloromethane, Merck, USA) 1 μL yakanyura pamachubhu matatu akaiswa TD kuburikidza necalibration solution yekurodha rig uye yakaongororwa pasi pemamiriro akafanana eTD-GC-MS. uye kubva kune yakaomeswa runyorwa, avo chete vane reverse match factor> 800 ndivo vakachengetwa kuti vaongororwe. Ma indices ekuchengeta akaverengerwa nekuongorora musanganiswa wealkane (nC8-nC40, 500 μg/mL mu dichloromethane, Merck, USA) 1 μL yakanyura pamachubhu matatu akaiswa TD kuburikidza necalibration solution yekurodha rig uye yakaongororwa pasi pemamiriro akafanana eTD-GC-MS. uye kubva kune yakaomeswa runyorwa, avo chete vane reverse match factor> 800 ndivo vakachengetwa kuti vaongororwe.Ma indices ekuchengeta akaverengerwa nekuongorora 1 µl yemusanganiswa wealkanes (nC8-nC40, 500 µg/ml mu dichloromethane, Merck, USA) mumachubhu matatu akaiswa TD achishandisa calibration solution yekurodha unit uye yakaongororwa pasi peiyo TD-GC-MS yakafanana. mamiriro.из исходного списка соединений для анализа были оставлены только соединения с коэфффициентом обратного совпадения > 800. uye kubva kune yekutanga runyorwa rwemakomponi, makomisheni chete ane reverse match coefficient> 800 akachengeterwa kuongororwa.通过分析烷烃混合物（nC8-nC40，500 μg/mL 在二氯甲烷中，Merck，USA将1 μL 加标到三个调节过的TD 管上，并在相同的TD-GC-MS 条件下进行分析并且从原始化合物列表中，仅保留反向匹配因子> 800 的化合物行。通过 分析 烷烃 （nc8-nc40，500 μg/ml 在 中， , merck , USA） 保留 指数调节 过 的 管 , 并 在 在 在 在⁇ ino ⁇ i ⁇ i ⁇ i ⁇ i ⁇ o ⁇ o ⁇ o ⁇ o ⁇ o ⁇ o ⁇ o ⁇ o ⁇ o ⁇ o ⁇ i ⁇ o ⁇ o ⁇ o ⁇ o ⁇ i ⁇ o ⁇ i ⁇ o ⁇ o ⁇ i ⁇ i ⁇ i ⁇ i ⁇ o ⁇ i ⁇ i ⁇ o ⁇ o ⁇ i ⁇ o ⁇ i ⁇ o ⁇ i ⁇ o ⁇ i ⁇ o ⁇ i ⁇ o ⁇ i ⁇ o ⁇ i ⁇ o ⁇ o ⁇ ino, ⁇ ino ⁇ i ⁇ i ⁇ i ⁇ i ⁇ i ⁇ i ⁇ i ⁇ i ⁇ i ⁇ i ⁇ i ⁇ oMa indices ekuchengetedza akaverengerwa nekuongorora musanganiswa wealkanes (nC8-nC40, 500 μg/ml mu dichloromethane, Merck, USA), 1 μl yakawedzerwa kune matatu akagadziriswa TD machubhu ne calibrating solution loader uye yakawedzerwa ipapo.выполненных в тех же условиях TD-GC-MS из исходного списка соединений, для анализа были оставлены только соединения с конфосто80 > . yakaitwa pasi pemamiriro akafanana eTD-GC-MS uye kubva kune yekutanga komputa runyorwa, chete makomisheni ane inverse fit factor> 800 yakachengetwa kuti iongororwe.Oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide uye siloxanes zvinobviswa zvakare. Pakupedzisira, chero makomisheni ane chiratidzo kune ruzha reshiyo <3 akaiswawo kunze. Pakupedzisira, chero makomisheni ane chiratidzo kune ruzha reshiyo <3 akaiswawo kunze. Наконец, любые соединения с отношением сигнал/шум <3 также были исключены. Pakupedzisira, chero makomisheni ane chiratidzo-kune-ruzha reshiyo <3 akaiswawo kunze.最后，还排除了信噪比< 3 的任何化合物。最后，还排除了信噪比< 3 的任何化合物。 Наконец, любые соединения с отношением сигнал/шум <3 также были исключены. Pakupedzisira, chero makomisheni ane chiratidzo-kune-ruzha reshiyo <3 akaiswawo kunze.Huwandu huzhinji hwekomboni yega yega hwakabva hwabviswa kubva kumafaira ese e data uchishandisa rondedzero yekomboni.Kuenzaniswa neNIST 2017, 117 makomisheni akaonekwa mumasampuli ekufema.Kutora kwakaitwa uchishandisa MATLAB R2018b software (vhezheni 9.5) uye Gavin Beta 3.0.Mushure mekuwedzera kuongororwa kwedheta, 4 mamwe makomikisi akaiswa kunze kwekutarisa kwekuona kwechromatograms, achisiya 113 makemikari kuti aiswe mukuongorora kunotevera.Huwandu hwemakomponi aya hwakadzoserwa kubva kune ese 294 samples akagadziriswa zvinobudirira.Masampuli matanhatu akabviswa nekuda kwehurombo hwe data (leaky TD machubhu).Mumaseti akasara, Pearson's one-sided correlations akaverengerwa pakati pe113 VOCs mune akadzokororwa zviyero masampuli kuti aongorore kuberekana.Coefficient yekubatanidza yaive 0.990 ± 0.016, uye p value yaive 2.00 × 10-46 ± 2.41 × 10-45 (arithmetic zvinoreva ± kutsauka kwakajairwa).
Ongororo dzese dzenhamba dzakaitwa paR version 4.0.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria).Iyo data uye kodhi inoshandiswa kuongorora uye kugadzira iyo data inowanikwa pachena paGitHub (https://github.com/simonezuffa/Manuscript_Breath).Iwo mapikisi akabatanidzwa akatanga kushandurwa logi uye ndokuzojairika uchishandisa yakazara nzvimbo yakajairika.Samples ane zviyero zvakadzokororwa zvakapetwa kusvika kuhuwandu hunokosha.Iwo "ropls" uye "mixOmics" mapakeji anoshandiswa kugadzira isina kutariswa PCA modhi uye inotariswa PLS-DA modhi.PCA inokutendera kuti uone 9 sampuli kunze.Yekutanga kufema sampu yakarongedzerwa nekamuri mhepo sampu uye saka yakatorwa sechubhu isina chinhu nekuda kwekukanganisa kwesampling.Iwo asara 8 samples iroom air samples ine 1,1′-biphenyl, 3-methyl.Kumwezve kuyedza kwakaratidza kuti ese masampula masere aive akadzikira zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kweVOC zvichienzaniswa nemamwe masampuli, zvichiratidza kuti izvi zvinobuda zvakakonzerwa nekukanganisa kwevanhu pakurodha machubhu.Kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo kwakaedzwa muPCA uchishandisa PERMANOVA kubva kune vegan package.PERMANOVA inokubvumira kuti uone kupatsanurwa kwemapoka zvichienderana necentroids.Iyi nzira yakamboshandiswa mune zvakafanana metabolomic zvidzidzo39,40,41.Iyo ropls package inoshandiswa kuongorora kukosha kwePSS-DA modhi uchishandisa zvisina kujairika-kanomwe-kupetwa-kuchinjika-kusimbisa uye 999 mvumo. Makomikisi ane musiyano wakakosha fungidziro (VIP) mamakisi> 1 yakaonekwa seyakakosha pakurongwa uye yakachengetwa yakakosha. Makomikisi ane musiyano wakakosha fungidziro (VIP) mamakisi> 1 yakaonekwa seyakakosha pakurongwa uye yakachengetwa yakakosha. Соединения с показателем проекции переменной важности (VIP) > 1 считались подходящими для классификации и сохранялись как значимые. Makomikisi ane musiyano wakakosha purojekiti mamakisi (VIP)> 1 yakaonekwa seyakakodzera kurongwa uye yakachengetwa yakakosha.具有可变重要性投影(VIP) 分数> 的化合物被认為与分类相关并保留為显着.具有可变重要性投影(VIP) 分数> 1 Соединения с оценкой переменной важности (VIP) > 1 считались подходящими для классификации и оставались значимыми. Makomikisi ane mamakisi ekukosha kwakasiyana (VIP)> 1 yakaonekwa seyakakodzera kurongwa uye yakaramba yakakosha.Mitoro kubva kumuenzaniso wePLS-DA yakatorwawo kuti ione mipiro yeboka.Iwo maVOC eimwe nzvimbo anotemerwa zvichienderana nekubvumirana kweakapetwa PLS-DA modhi. Kuti uite kudaro, nzvimbo dzese maVOC profiles akaedzwa kune mumwe nemumwe uye kana VOC ine VIP> 1 yaigara yakakosha mumamodheru uye ichinzi inzvimbo imwechete, yakazotorwa seyakanangana nenzvimbo. Kuti uite kudaro, nzvimbo dzese maVOC profiles akaedzwa kune mumwe nemumwe uye kana VOC ine VIP> 1 yaigara yakakosha mumamodheru uye ichinzi inzvimbo imwechete, yakazotorwa seyakanangana nenzvimbo. Для этого профили ЛОС всех местоположений были проверены друг против друга, и если ЛОС с VIP> 1 у же месту, тогда он считался специфичным для местоположения. Kuti uite izvi, maprofile eVOC enzvimbo dzese akaedzwa kune mumwe nemumwe, uye kana VOC ine VIP> 1 yaingove yakakosha mumamodeli uye ichitaurwa kunzvimbo imwe chete, saka yainzi yakanangana nenzvimbo.為此，對所有位置的VOC 配置文件进行了相互测试，如果VIP > 1 的VOC 在模型始终显着并归归因但公终显着并归归因但家归定位置。為 此 , 对所有的的 voc 配置 文件 了相互 测试 , 如果 vip> 1 的 voc 在 中 始终 显着 并 归 一特定。。。 位置 位置 位置 位置 位置 位置 位置位置 位置ЛОС во всех местоположениях были сопоставлены друг с другом, ЛОС с VIP> 1 p. нно значимым в модели и относился к одному и тому же местоположению. Kuti izvi zviitike, maprofile eVOC munzvimbo dzese akaenzaniswa, uye VOC ine VIP> 1 yainzi inotsamira panzvimbo kana yaingove yakakosha mumuenzaniso uye ichitaurwa kunzvimbo imwe chete.Kuenzanisa kwekufema uye masampuli emhepo emukati akaitwa chete kune masampuli akatorwa mangwanani, sezvo pasina masampuli ekufema akatorwa masikati.Muedzo weWilcoxon wakashandiswa pakuongorora univariate, uye chiyero chekuwanikwa chenhema chakaverengerwa pachishandiswa kururamisa kwaBenjamini-Hochberg.
Iwo madhata akagadzirwa uye akaongororwa panguva yechidzidzo chazvino anowanikwa kubva kune vakasiyana vanyori pakukumbira zvine musoro.
Oman, A. et al.Zvinhu zvinoshanduka zvevanhu: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) mumhepo yakabuda kunze, kubuda kweganda, weti, tsvina uye mate.J. Breath res.8(3), 034001 (2014).
Belluomo, I. et al.Sarudzo ion ikozvino chubhu misa spectrometry yekutarisisa yakanangwa yekusagadzikana organic komisheni mukufema kwevanhu.National protocol.16(7), 3419–3438 (2021).
Hanna, GB, Boshier, PR, Markar, SR & Romano, A. Kurongeka uye methodologic matambudziko evolatile organic compound-based exhaled breath tests for cancer diagnosis. Hanna, GB, Boshier, PR, Markar, SR & Romano, A. Kurongeka uye zvipingamupinyi zvemethodical zvevolatile organic compound-based exhaled breath tests for cancer diagnosis.Khanna, GB, Boshire, PR, Markar, SR.uye Romano, A. Kururamisa uye methodological nyaya dze volatile organic compound-based exhaust air tests yegomarara. Hanna, GB, Boshier, PR, Markar, SR & Romano, A. Hanna, GB, Boshier, PR, Markar, SR & Romano, A. Kururama uye zvinetso zvemethodical mukuongororwa kwegomarara zvichibva pane zvinoputika organic compounds.Khanna, GB, Boshire, PR, Markar, SR.uye Romano, A. Hurukuro uye methodological nyaya dze volatile organic compound mweya wekufema mukuongorora kenza.JAMA Oncol.5(1), e182815 (2019).
Boshier, PR, Cushnir, JR, Priest, OH, Marczin, N. & Hanna, GB Kusiyana kwemazinga emagasi ekutsvaga asina kusimba mukati menharaunda nhatu dzechipatara: Zvinoreva pakuongororwa kwekufema kwekiriniki. Boshier, PR, Cushnir, JR, Priest, OH, Marczin, N. & Hanna, GB Kusiyana kwemazinga emagasi ekutsvaga asina kusimba mukati menharaunda nhatu dzechipatara: Zvinoreva pakuongororwa kwekufema kwekiriniki.Boshear, PR, Kushnir, JR, Priest, OH, Marchin, N. uye Khanna, GB.Misiyano mumatanho emagetsi ekutsvaga gasi munzvimbo nhatu dzechipatara: kukosha kwekuongororwa kwekufema kwekiriniki. Boshier, PR. Boshier, PR, Cushnir, JR, Mupristi, OH, Marczin, N. & Hanna, GBBoshear, PR, Kushnir, JR, Priest, OH, Marchin, N. uye Khanna, GB.Shanduko mumatanho emagasi ekutsvagisa egasi munzvimbo nhatu dzechipatara: kukosha kwekuongororwa kwekufema kwekiriniki.J. Rechitendero Res.4(3), 031001 (2010).
Trefz, P. nevamwe.Chaiyo-nguva, inoenderera yekutarisa magasi ekufema mumakiriniki marongero uchishandisa nguva-ye-ndege misa spectrometry yeproton kutamisa maitiro.anus.Chemical.85(21), 10321-10329 (2013).
Castellanos, M., Xifra, G., Fernández-Real, JM & Sánchez, JM Breath gas concentrations mirror kuratidzwa kune sevoflurane uye isopropyl doro munzvimbo dzechipatara munzvimbo dzisiri dzebasa. Castellanos, M., Xifra, G., Fernández-Real, JM & Sánchez, JM Breath gas concentrations mirror kuratidzwa kune sevoflurane uye isopropyl doro munzvimbo dzechipatara munzvimbo dzisiri dzebasa.Castellanos, M., Xifra, G., Fernandez-Real, JM naSanchez, JM Kuwedzerwa kwegasi kunoratidza kuratidzwa kune sevoflurane uye isopropyl doro muchipatara munzvimbo isiri yebasa. Castellanos, M., Xifra, G., Fernández-Real, JM & Sánchez, JM Castellanos, M., Xifra, G., Fernández-Real, JM & Sánchez, JMCastellanos, M., Xifra, G., Fernandez-Real, JM naSanchez, JM Airway gas concentrations inoratidza kuratidzwa kune sevoflurane uye isopropanol munzvimbo yechipatara munzvimbo yakarara.J. Breath res.10(1), 016001 (2016).
Markar SR et al.Ongorora non-invasive mweya bvunzo dzekuonekwa kwegomarara resophagus nedumbu.JAMA Oncol.4(7), 970-976 (2018).
Salman, D. et al.Kusiyanisa kwezvinoputika organic komisheni mumhepo yemukati munzvimbo yekiriniki.J. Breath res.16(1), 016005 (2021).
Phillips, M. nevamwe.Volatile breath markers yegomarara rezamu.Zamu J. 9 (3), 184–191 (2003).
Phillips, M., Greenberg, J. & Sabas, M. Alveolar gradient yepentane mukufema kwemunhu. Phillips, M., Greenberg, J. & Sabas, M. Alveolar gradient yepentane mukufema kwemunhu.Phillips M, Greenberg J naSabas M. Alveolar pentane gradient mukufema kwevanhu kwakajairika. Phillips, M., Greenberg, J. & Sabas, M. 正常人呼吸中戊烷的肺泡梯度. Phillips, M., Greenberg, J. & Sabas, M.Phillips M, Greenberg J naSabas M. Alveolar pentane gradients mukufema kwevanhu kwakajairika.free radicals.tangi yekuchengetedza.20(5), 333–337 (1994).
Harshman SV et al.Hunhu hweyakajairwa kufema sampling yekushandiswa pasina Indaneti mumunda.J. Breath res.14(1), 016009 (2019).
Maurer, F. nevamwe.Flush ambient air pollutants ye exhaled air measurement.J. Breath res.8(2), 027107 (2014).
Salehi, B. et al.Iko kugona kwekurapa kwealpha- uye beta-pinene: zvakasikwa chipo chinoshamisa.Biomolecules 9 (11), 738 (2019).
CompTox kemikari ruzivo pani - benzyl doro.https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/dsstoxdb/results?search=DTXSID5020152#chemical-functional-use (yakasvika 22 Gunyana 2021).
Alfa Aesar - L03292 Benzyl doro, 99%.https://www.alfa.com/en/catalog/L03292/ (yakasvika 22 Gunyana 2021).
Good Scents Company – Benzyl Doro.http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1001652.html (yakaitwa 22 Gunyana 2021).
Iyo CompTox kemikari pani inonzi diisopropyl phthalate.https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/dsstoxdb/results?search=DTXSID2040731 (yakasvika 22 Gunyana 2021).
Vanhu, IARC Working Group paCarcinogenic Risk Assessment.Benzophenone.: International Agency for Research on Cancer (2013).
Good Scents Company - Acetophenone.http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/data/rw1000131.html#tooccur (yakaitwa 22 Gunyana 2021).
Van Gossum, A. & Decuyper, J. Breath alkanes sechiratidzo che lipid peroxidation. Van Gossum, A. & Decuyper, J. Breath alkanes sechiratidzo che lipid peroxidation.Van Gossum, A. uye Dekuyper, J. Alkane kufema sechiratidzo che lipid peroxidation. Van Gossum, A. & Decuyper, J. Breath 烷烃作為脂质过氧化的指标. Van Gossum, A. & Decuyper, J. Breath alkanes as an indicator of 脂质过过化的剧情.Van Gossum, A. uye Dekuyper, J. Alkane kufema sechiratidzo che lipid peroxidation.EURO.nyika Journal 2(8), 787–791 (1989).
Salerno-Kennedy, R. & Cashman, KD Zvinogona kushandiswa kwekufema isoprene sebiomarker mumushonga wemazuva ano: Pfupiso pfupi. Salerno-Kennedy, R. & Cashman, KD Zvinogona kushandiswa kwekufema isoprene sebiomarker mumushonga wemazuva ano: Pfupiso pfupi. Salerno-Kennedy, R. & Cashman, KDZvinogoneka mashandisirwo eisoprene mukufema se biomarker mukurapa kwemazuva ano: wongororo pfupi. Salerno-Kennedy, R. & Cashman, KD 呼吸异戊二烯作為现代医学生物标志物的潜在应用：简明概述。 Salerno-Kennedy, R. & Cashman, KDSalerno-Kennedy, R. uye Cashman, KD Zvinogona kushandiswa kwekufema isoprene se biomarker yemishonga yemazuva ano: wongororo pfupi.Wien Klin Wochenschr 117 (5–6), 180–186 (2005).
Kureas M. et al.Kuongororwa kwakanangwa kweanoshanduka organic komisheni mumhepo yakafemerwa inoshandiswa kusiyanisa kenza yemapapu kubva kune zvimwe zvirwere zvemapapu uye muvanhu vane hutano.Metabolites 10(8), 317 (2020).
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-28-2022