Zvakare, mapurasitiki aratidza kuti aripo pose pose mugungwa. Achinyura pasi peMariana Trench, iyo inonzi yakasvika mamita 35,849, muzvinabhizinesi wekuDallas, Victor Vescovo, akati akawana bhegi repurasitiki. Iyi haisiriyo nguva yekutanga: iyi ndiyo nguva yechitatu kuti mapurasitiki anowanikwa munzvimbo yakadzika yegungwa.
Vescovo akanyura mubhavhu rekugezera musi wa28 Kubvumbi sechikamu cherwendo rwake rwe "Five Depths", rwunosanganisira rwendo rwekuenda kunzvimbo dzakadzika dzegungwa repasi. Munguva yemaawa mana aVescovo ari pasi peMariana Trench, akaona mhando dzakasiyana dzezvisikwa zvemugungwa, imwe yacho ingave mhando itsva - bhegi repurasitiki nemachira emasiwiti.
Vashoma vakasvika pakadzika zvakanyanya kudaro. Mainjiniya wekuSwitzerland Jacques Piccard naLieutenant weUS Navy Don Walsh ndivo vekutanga muna 1960. James Cameron, muongorori weNational Geographic uye mugadziri wemafirimu, akanyura pasi pegungwa muna 2012. Cameron akanyora kunyura kusvika pakadzika kwemamita 35,787, pedyo nemamita 62 ayo Vescovo yaiti yakasvika.
Kusiyana nevanhu, mapurasitiki anodonha zviri nyore. Pakutanga kwegore rino, ongororo yakaitwa yakatora sampuli yema amphipods kubva mumigero mitanhatu yakadzika yegungwa, kusanganisira maMariana, ikawana kuti ese akanga adya microplastics.
Ongororo yakaburitswa muna Gumiguru 2018 yakaratidza purasitiki yakadzika inozivikanwa zvikuru - bhegi rekutenga risina kusimba - rakawana kudzika kwemamita 36,000 muMariana Trench. Masayendisiti akariwana nekuongorora Deep Sea Debris Database, ine mapikicha nemavhidhiyo evanhu 5,010 vakanyura mumakore makumi matatu apfuura.
Pamarara akarongwa akanyorwa mudhatabhesi, mapurasitiki ndiwo anonyanya kuwanikwa, mabhegi epurasitiki ari iwo anonyanya kuburitsa marara epurasitiki. Mamwe marara acho aibva pazvinhu zvakaita serabha, simbi, huni nemachira.
Kusvika 89% yemapurasitiki ari muchidzidzo ichi aive ekushandiswa kamwe chete, ayo anoshandiswa kamwe chete obva araswa, akadai semabhodhoro emvura epurasitiki kana midziyo yekudyira inoraswa.
Mugero weMariana hausi gomba rakasviba risina hupenyu, rine vagari vakawanda. NOAA Okeanos Explorer yakaongorora zvakadzama munharaunda iyi muna 2016 ikawana mhando dzakasiyana dzehupenyu, kusanganisira mhando dzakadai semakorari, jellyfish uye octopus. Ongororo ya2018 yakawanawo kuti 17 muzana yemifananidzo yepurasitiki yakanyorwa mudhatabhesi yakaratidza kudyidzana nehupenyu hwemumvura, senge mhuka dziri kubatwa mumarara.
Mapurasitiki anoshandiswa kamwe chete aripo uye anogona kutora mazana emakore kana kupfuura kuti aore musango. Sekureva kweongororo yakaitwa muna Kukadzi 2017, huwandu hwekusvibiswa muMariana Trench hwakakwira mune dzimwe nzvimbo kupfuura dzimwe nzizi dzakasvibiswa zvakanyanya muChina. Vanyori veongororo iyi vanoti makemikari anosvibisa mumigero anogona kubva mupurasitiki iri mumvura.
Makonye emuchubhu (tsvuku, mhute nekanje kejoki anowana nzvimbo pedyo nemhepo inoyerera mvura inopisa. (Dzidza nezvemhuka dzisinganzwisisike dziri mumaburi akadzika kwazvo emvura inopisa muPacific.)
Kunyange hazvo mapurasitiki achigona kupinda mugungwa zvakananga, zvakaita semarara anoputika kubva pamahombekombe kana kurasirwa muzvikepe, chidzidzo chakaburitswa muna 2017 chakaona kuti akawanda acho anopinda mugungwa achibva munzizi gumi dzinoyerera nemunzvimbo dzinogara vanhu.
Midziyo yekuredza yakasiyiwa ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki, neongororo yakaburitswa munaKurume 2018 ichiratidza kuti zvinhu izvi zvinoumba chikamu chikuru cheGreat Pacific Garbage Patch yakakura seTexas iri pakati peHawaii neCalifornia.
Kunyange zvazvo zviri pachena kuti mugungwa mune mapurasitiki akawanda kupfuura ari mubhegi rimwe chete repurasitiki, chinhu ichi chashanduka kubva pakufananidzira mhepo kuenda pakuva muenzaniso wekuti vanhu vanokanganisa sei pasi.
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Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-30-2022